:root {
  --navy: #0b2138;
  --navy-soft: #173a5a;
  --ink: #15212b;
  --muted: #65717b;
  --paper: #f7f5f0;
  --paper-deep: #efebe3;
  --line: #d8d2c8;
  --accent: #9a7b4f;
  --orcid: #a6ce39;
  --serif: "Iowan Old Style", "Palatino Linotype", Palatino, "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: Inter, ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.72;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
  color: var(--navy-soft);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.18em;
}

a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.page-shell {
  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 64px));
  min-height: 100vh;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.site-header {
  min-height: 84px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 28px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.wordmark {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  gap: 0;
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.wordmark-name {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.015em;
  line-height: 1.08;
}


.top-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 20px;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
}

.top-nav a {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0.085em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.top-nav a::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: -9px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--accent);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform 160ms ease;
}

.top-nav a:hover::after,
.top-nav a.active::after { transform: scaleX(1); }

.intro-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 2.15fr);
  gap: clamp(58px, 8vw, 110px);
  padding: clamp(34px, 4.5vw, 54px) 0 clamp(64px, 8vw, 104px);
}

.profile-column { max-width: 260px; }

.portrait-wrap {
  width: 154px;
  margin: 0 0 20px;
}

.portrait {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: 50% 42%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 12px 12px 0 var(--paper-deep);
  filter: saturate(0.86) contrast(1.02);
}

.profile-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.profile-link {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 6px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.profile-link:hover strong { color: var(--accent); }
.profile-link.non-link { cursor: default; }

.profile-link strong,
.profile-link small {
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.32;
}

.profile-link strong {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 650;
}

.profile-link small {
  margin-top: 3px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  word-break: break-word;
}

/* Keep the institutional affiliation visually unified in the narrow profile column. */
.affiliation-text strong {
  display: block;
}

.affiliation-university {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 1px;
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
}

.contact-icon {
  width: 31px;
  height: 31px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid #aab3bb;
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 750;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
}

.contact-icon.wide { font-size: 0.58rem; letter-spacing: 0; }
.contact-icon.inspire { font-size: 0.52rem; }

.orcid-icon {
  border-color: var(--orcid);
  background: var(--orcid);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 0.69rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.08em;
}

.intro-copy {
  align-self: center;
  max-width: 720px;
  padding-top: 0;
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

h1 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(2.55rem, 4.6vw, 4.15rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.045em;
  line-height: 0.87;
}

.rule {
  width: 74px;
  height: 2px;
  margin: 30px 0 30px;
  background: var(--accent);
}

.intro-text {
  max-width: 665px;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.45vw, 1.12rem);
}

.intro-text p { margin: 0 0 1.18em; }
.intro-text p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.quote-band {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 132px;
  gap: 34px;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 0 80px;
  padding: clamp(42px, 5.5vw, 68px) clamp(28px, 5vw, 68px);
  background: var(--navy);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.quote-image-wrap {
  width: 132px;
  margin: 0;
}

.quote-image {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 2px;
  opacity: 0.92;
}

.quote-content {
  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
}

.quote-mark {
  position: absolute;
  left: -7px;
  top: -35px;
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: Georgia, serif;
  font-size: 7.5rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

.quote-band blockquote { margin: 0; }

.quote-band blockquote p {
  max-width: 850px;
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.7vw, 1.48rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.quote-band blockquote footer {
  margin-top: 22px;
  color: #c5ced5;
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.site-footer {
  min-height: 82px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 30px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.73rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
}

@media (max-width: 930px) {
  .site-header {
    padding: 28px 0 24px;
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 22px;
  }

  .top-nav {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    gap: 18px 22px;
  }

  .intro-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 50px;
  }

  .portrait-wrap { width: 142px; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 7vw, 3.9rem); }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .page-shell { width: min(100% - 36px, 1180px); }

  .top-nav {
    overflow-x: auto;
    width: 100%;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }
  .top-nav::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }

  .intro-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 52px;
    padding: 38px 0 64px;
  }

  .profile-column {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 132px;
    gap: 26px;
    max-width: none;
  }

  .portrait-wrap {
    width: 132px;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .profile-links { margin: -4px 0 0; }
  .profile-link { min-height: 43px; padding: 5px 0; }
  .profile-link small { display: none; }

  .intro-copy { padding-top: 0; }
  h1 { font-size: clamp(2.75rem, 12vw, 3.85rem); }
  .rule { margin: 30px 0; }

  .quote-band {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 94px;
    gap: 22px;
    margin-bottom: 50px;
  }

  .quote-mark { height: 58px; }
  .quote-image-wrap { width: 94px; }

  .site-footer {
    align-items: flex-start;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 3px;
    padding: 22px 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 440px) {
  .quote-band { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .quote-image-wrap { width: 86px; margin: 10px 0 0 auto; }
  .profile-column { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .portrait-wrap { width: 142px; }
  .profile-link small { display: block; }
}

/* Homepage additions: v5 */
.wordmark-dot {
  margin: 0 0.22em;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.wordmark-sub {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.64rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.075em;
  line-height: 1;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-keywords {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 9px;
  margin-top: 27px;
}

.research-keywords span {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 31px;
  padding: 5px 11px 4px;
  border: 1px solid #bcc3c8;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--navy);
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.26);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0.035em;
}

.home-columns {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.35fr) minmax(270px, 0.85fr);
  gap: clamp(52px, 7vw, 92px);
  margin: 0 0 clamp(62px, 7vw, 92px);
  padding-top: 4px;
}

.home-panel {
  min-width: 0;
}

.panel-heading {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 23px;
  padding-bottom: 13px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.panel-heading h2 {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: clamp(1.42rem, 2.2vw, 1.8rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  line-height: 1.15;
}

.publication-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 2rem;
}

.publication-list li {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0 18px 4px;
}

.publication-list li + li {
  padding-top: 17px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(216, 210, 200, 0.72);
}

.publication-list li::marker {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.publication-list a {
  display: inline;
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.01rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.42;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.publication-list a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.publication-meta {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 5px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.71rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}

.research-links {
  border-top: 1px solid transparent;
}

.research-links a {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 15px 2px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(216, 210, 200, 0.82);
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.01rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.research-links a:first-child {
  padding-top: 0;
}

.research-links a span:last-child {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.collaboration-links a span:first-child small {
  margin-left: 0.4em;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 0.68em;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

.research-links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.section-link {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 19px;
  color: var(--navy-soft);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.075em;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.section-link span {
  margin-left: 4px;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.section-link:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .home-columns {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 48px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .research-keywords {
    margin-top: 23px;
  }

  .home-columns {
    margin-bottom: 58px;
  }
}

/* Homepage additions: v7 */
.contact-icon.brand-icon {
  font-size: 1rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.contact-icon.linkedin-icon {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.contact-icon.logo-icon {
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 3px;
  border-color: #c4c9cd;
  background: #fff;
}

.contact-icon.logo-icon img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.contact-icon.om-icon {
  padding: 0;
  border-color: #1c75bc;
  background: #fff;
}

.contact-icon.om-icon img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
}

.orcid-icon {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.news-section {
  margin: 0 0 clamp(62px, 7vw, 90px);
}

.news-heading {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.news-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.news-item {
  display: flex;
  min-width: 0;
  min-height: 150px;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 20px 28px 18px 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.news-item + .news-item {
  padding-left: 28px;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(216, 210, 200, 0.86);
}

.news-meta {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 9px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.67rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-title {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.38;
}

.news-read {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 14px;
  color: var(--navy-soft);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.065em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.news-read span {
  margin-left: 3px;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.news-item:hover .news-title,
.news-item:hover .news-read {
  color: var(--accent);
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  .news-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .news-item {
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 18px 0 20px;
  }

  .news-item + .news-item {
    padding-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(216, 210, 200, 0.86);
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .news-read {
    margin-top: 4px;
  }
}

/* Homepage additions: v9.3 — compact scrollable publications and news archive */
.publications-scroll {
  max-height: 365px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
  padding-right: 14px;
}

.publications-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar,
.news-grid::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 7px;
}

.publications-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track,
.news-grid::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  background: transparent;
}

.publications-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,
.news-grid::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(30, 48, 70, 0.22);
}

.publications-scroll,
.news-grid {
  scrollbar-width: thin;
  scrollbar-color: rgba(30, 48, 70, 0.22) transparent;
}

/* Keep News as a row of three cards. Extra items create further rows below. */
.news-grid {
  max-height: 188px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
  align-items: stretch;
  padding-right: 12px;
}

.news-item:nth-child(3n + 1) {
  padding-left: 0;
  border-left: 0;
}

.news-item:nth-child(n + 4) {
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(216, 210, 200, 0.86);
}

@media (max-width: 780px) {
  /* Avoid a nested one-row scroller after the news cards stack on small screens. */
  .news-grid {
    max-height: none;
    overflow-y: visible;
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .news-item:nth-child(n + 4) {
    padding-top: 18px;
  }

  .publications-scroll {
    max-height: 430px;
    padding-right: 8px;
  }
}