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The Scientific Scope of the School

This CNRS thematic school aims to bring together communities interested in the process of galaxy formation and cosmic reionization, from theory to multi-wavelength observation, including modeling and numerical simulation. On this occasion, the school will promote exchanges between researchers who use very different approaches.

The XVIth school of Cosmology brings together specialists in cosmology (theoretical and observational) and in data science. The program consists of lectures and selected contributions submitted by the participants. We intend to cover a programme exploring a vast number of topics related to the contribution of sources to the cosmic reionization process. More specifically, it will contribute to:

• Disseminate the very latest observational achievements on the comprehension of galaxies formed during the first billion years of cosmic history (in particular from observations with JWST, HST, ALMA, or even Euclid during the school in 2025)
• Familiarize observers with the major questions underlying the physics of the formation of the first structures in the universe, and of cosmic reionization.
• Provide techniques to extract information on the individual and global physical properties of populations of objects formed at the epoch of reionization.
• Promote synergies between theory, simulations and observations.
• Train these communities in the tools, instruments, and observational methods available or to come in the near future.
• Promote collaborations between communities using different observational probes to study reionization.

The program covers the following topics:

• Formation of the first structures in the young universe: from primordial fluctuations to the first galaxies. Dark matter halo cluster. Baryon physics. Feedback from stellar wind and supernova-driven outflows. Birth of proto-clusters of galaxies.
• Formation of supermassive black holes at early epochs. Heavy versus light seeds. Feedback from SMBH on galaxy and star formation.
• Sources of cosmic reionization: stars and galaxies. Formation of supermassive black holes. Relative contribution of different populations, galaxies and AGN. Global properties of ionizing sources and relative contribution to reionization.
• Physics of reionization: topology and evolution. Direct and indirect reionization probes. The contribution of numerical simulations. Observation constraints. Combination of probes.